Seaweed farming (Mika, 1990)

Below article on seaweed farming by anthropologist Gusti Anom Mika (Udayana University Thesis, 1990) 'Budidaya rumput laut, suatu proses adaptasi dan implikasinya dalam kehidupan sosial ekonomi dan ritual masyarakat desa Ped, Kecamatan Nusa Penida, Kabupaten Klungkung, Propinsi Bali, suatu kajian antropologi', deals with the adaptations faced by the local population of the village of Ped, on the north coast of Nusa Penida regarding the shift from traditional to seaweed farming.

Bioethanol (Karta, 2012)

I Wayan Karta, in a S2 Magister thesis at Udayana University (Denpasar - Bali, 2012), discusses the production of bioethanol from the alga Codium geppiorum and the pivotal role of (activated) limestone from Nusa Penida in this process.

Seaweed farming (Eiseman, 1986)

Fred B. Eiseman Junior, in below article, describes in minute detail the history of seaweed farming in Bali. He makes mention of the most important species of seaweeds, discusses the technicalities of the way seaweed is farmed, the way it is processed, and gives an overview of the (multinational) companies, the Indonesian Government and research bodies that have attributed to the 'art' of seaweed farming, leading up to the year 1986, when this economic activity was to prove such a vital source of income for the inhabitants of the coastal regions of Nusa Penida.

Lembongan seaweed (Zwijgers, 2005)

This article by was originally published in Archipelago Magazine (2005) by Tineke Zwijgers after a trip to Lembongan in 2004, and republished online. It discusses tourism on Lembongan and seaweed farming. See source & references below. The original Dutch text can be found here.

Farming the Sea (Jeff Mullins, January 2008)

Garuda Magazine January 2008 (p.46-47)

www.garudamagazine.com, www.reefwreckandcritter.com

On a recent trip to Indonesia, we spent a week exploring the rich coral reefs around the coasts of Nusa Penida, Lembongan and Ceningan, Bali's nearest island neighbours.